7 Ağustos 2016 Pazar

amyloidosis

Explanation The most common type of amyloidosis Primary amyloidosis: Usually together with Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal gammopathy of plasma cell disorders. Secondary Amyloidosis: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteomyelitis; Malaria is with a variety of chronic inflammatory illnesses such as tuberculosis and leprosy. Familial amyloidosis: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is associated with. Hemodialysis amyloidosis: It is with renal hemodialysis. What are the symptoms? Which varies depending on what level of organ involvement. Weakness Weight Loss gastroparesis the pSEUDOOBSTRUCTION malabsorption Diarrhea macroglossia Peripheral Neuropathy Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ascites hepatomegaly dyspnea Interstitial Lung Disease Congestive Heart Failure arrhythmia Sudden death Hiler Adenopathy Mediastinal Adenopathy symmetric Polyarthritis Periarticular soft tissue swelling (consistency rubber) Papules on the skin (translucent, waxy) Purpura (periorbital) Edema Renal Failure nephrotic Syndrome Dementia (may play a role in the development of Alzheimer's Disease) What are the reasons? Primary Amyloidosis Diseases such as plasma, light chain (AL) is associated with excess immunoglobulin production. Secondary Amyloidosis in chronic inflammatory condition amyloid fibrillar proteins (A) is carried out in excess, and the degradation products of serum amyloid protein (SAA) phases occurs. Familial amyloidosis Familial Mediterranean fever, occur with excessive amyloid fibrillar amyloid protein made. Hemodialysis Amyloidosis Normally excreted by the kidneys, but can not consist of amyloid beta-2-microglobulin containing discarded by hemodialysis. What are the care and advice? If heart failure develops or serious complications such as renal failure are hospitalized. beta2-microglobulin should start to clear in Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis amyloidosis. protein and salt are restricted in renal failure. In heart failure, salt restriction. What are the ways of treatment? Primary Amyloidosis Treatment of the underlying plasma cell disease Melphalan and prednisone are the drugs of choice for the plasma cell disease. Colchicine; It can slow amyloid deposition. Secondary Amyloidosis Underlying inflammatory disease treatment Tacrine, mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease. Familial amyloidosis Colchicine 0.6 mg 2-3 times a day Hemodialysis amyloidosis Primary Amyloidosis monitoring of monoclonal protein levels to assess response to treatment is necessary. monitoring of renal function to assess response to treatment. Hemodialysis and Secondary Amyloidosis Monitoring of renal function, underlying disease control and for evaluating the impairment, makes. What are the ways of treatment? Primary Amyloidosis Treatment of the underlying plasma cell disease Melphalan and prednisone are the drugs of choice for the plasma cell disease. Colchicine; It can slow amyloid deposition. Secondary Amyloidosis Underlying inflammatory disease treatment Tacrine, mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease. Familial amyloidosis Colchicine 0.6 mg 2-3 times a day Hemodialysis amyloidosis Primary Amyloidosis monitoring of monoclonal protein levels to assess response to treatment is necessary. monitoring of renal function to assess response to treatment. Hemodialysis and Secondary Amyloidosis Monitoring of renal function, underlying disease control and for evaluating the impairment, makes.

alopecia

What are the symptoms? Hair loss Tinea in Capitis; Itching scaling of the skin Broken hair (Traction alopecia is) inflammation Alopecia Areata, Alopecia hair thinned at the border of the plate Alopecia is not easily handled the hair around the plate. What are the reasons? Telogen Loss Postpartum Medications (oral contraceptives, anticoagulants, Retinoids, Beta blockers, chemotherapeutic agents, interferon) Physical or psychological stress Hormonal (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, hypopituitarism) Nutritional (malnutrition, iron deficiency, zinc deficiency) Diffuse alopecia areata Anagen Loss mycosis fungoides X-ray treatment Drugs (Chemotherapeutic Agents, allopurinol, levodopa, bromocriptine) Poisoning (bismuth, arsenic. Gold, boric acid, thallium) Cicatricial Alopecia Congenital Defects or Developments Infections (leprosy, syphilis, Varisella- Zoster Cutaneous Leishmaniasis) Basal cell cancer epidermal nevus Physical agents (acids and alkalis, burns, frostbite, radyodermit) cicatricial pemphigoid lichen planus Sarcoidosis Androgenic Alopecia Adrenal hyperplasia Polycystic Ovary carcinoid Pituitary hyperplasia Drugs (testosterone, danazol, ACTH, anabolic steroids, progesterone) Alopecia areata Unknown (autoimmune?) Traction alopecia is Trichotillomania (pull hair) Tense way to collect hair, to wear buckles Tinea capitis microspores and trichophyton Maintenance and recommendations? Telogen Loss: medication, stress, malnutrition, such as 3 months after the event started with the maximum loss would be improved and the removal of the cause. Rarely is permanent baldness. Anagen Loss: a few days or a few weeks after the spill begins from a start event, why recovery occurred after the disappearance of is rarely permanent baldness. Cicatricial Alopecia: Hair follicles are damaged irreversibly. The only effective treatment; It is surgery. Graft transplantation, transplantation or flap skatrisl as the excision of methods can be used. Androgenic Alopecia with the use of topical minoxidil for 12 months, it is reported that 39% of those using flour and markedly hair out. Androgenic alopecia is another treatment of surgery, hair transplantation, scalp reduction, such as transposition flap and soft tissue expansion. Alopecia Areata: disease usually recover without treatment within 3 years. But repetition is frequent. Traction alopecia is: pull your hair will be left behind alone. Psychological or psychiatric intervention may be necessary. Successful therapeutic approaches in medicine, behavior modification and hypnosis can be considered. Tinea capitis: Often 6-8 weeks of treatment is required. What are the ways of treatment? Androgenic Alopecia: 2% topical minoxidil Tinea capitis: Children Griseofulvin 10 mg / kg / day, Ketoconazole 200 mg / day may need to continue treatment for 6-8 weeks. Griseofulvin: Pregnancy, Porphyria, hepatocellular insufficiency, griseofulvin against hypersensitivity If contraindicated. Topical Minoxidil Side Effects Irritation and a burning sensation in the eyes Water and salt retention tachycardia Anjuna Topical steroids Side Effects Local burning and stinging Itching atrophy of the skin telangiectasia Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal steroids Suppression powerful if used for a long time Griseofulvin Side Effects Photosensitivity reaction Lupus-like syndrome oral candidiasis granulocytopenia Ketoconazole Side Effects Anaphylaxis hepatotoxicity oligospermia neuropsychiatric disorders Gynecomastia Topical Minoxidil Interactions: may cause orthostatic hypotension when given with guanethidine. Griseofulvin Interaction: reduces the activity of warfarin. Barbiturates reduce the activity of griseofulvin Ketoconazole Interactions: can enhance the activity of warfarin. Isoniazid and rifampicin, ketoconazole reduces activity. The use concomitantly with phenytoin alters the metabolism of both drugs. When taken together with terfenadine and astemizole may be prolonged QT interval and ventricular phase. H2 blockers or antacids, reducing the absorption of ketoconazole. If necessary, the use of H2 blockers or antacids should be administered at least 2 hours after ketoconazole. Proton pump inhibitors; Omeprazole should be avoided for the same reason.

PALE

What is Herpes? Cold sores usually the lips, around the mouth and nostrils of the herpes simplex virus is a disease caused by name. Research shows that 80% of the world population that had cold sores at least once in their lifetime. Due to today's 8 million people every year in Turkey is estimated that pale boredom and suffering. Herpes Symptoms and formation phases of What? Herpes in the region will be 0-24 hours in advance tingling, tingling, itching, burning, stinging felt. So that flushing of the area, swelling and then the inside follows the emergence of fluid-filled blisters. These bubbles talking, laughing, eating and drinking gives pain and suffering. Blisters and ulcers explode during this period is very painful cold sores. Once it dries it cracks, leaks and becomes an ugly wound opened distorting the image. When herpes begin crusting begins to shrink. Pale skin of the recovery period falls on, instead of a dry and nervous tissue occurs. Herpes is Contagious? How is it spread? Cold sores are contagious from the time of the closure of the wound open with early signs. towels used by a person with herpes, cups, forks, spoons etc. uçukl of goods and people infected with the result of kissing. If herpes touched other parts of the face, eyes and other parts of the body (such as the genital area) it can be transmitted as well. Attention ! Cold sores are contagious. Herpes virus (herpes simplex) and people usually young, first time (0-5 years) are met. Herpes is one of the family members "Loving" as a result of the kiss of herpes virus enters the body. Mostly unnoticed manifests as small rashes; mouth, gums and lips (gingivostomatitis) becomes infected. But in some sensitive structure it can be seen as serious infections. The results from an infected person uçukl in medical publications are cases of death of the newborn. Cold sores should not be touched. Hands should be washed very well if touched. Uçukluyk that should be avoided touching the eyes. Women should be careful when cleaning up. Especially in infants, children and other people should be kissed, should avoid close contact. Uçukl towels used by the person, cups, forks, spoons etc. items should be separated and should not be allowed to use the others. And herpes cold sores should not be played with the shell of the wound. (Fingers are infected with herpes virus, also be infected with other germs in the wound herpes). Why Recurrent herpes / repeats? Herpes that causes herpes simplex virus settles into that next ganglion region after its first infection enter the body and engages factors that triggers cold sores occur, meaning that it stays there until it weakened the body. What are the factors that trigger the formation herpes? Stress Fever, colds, flu Excessive sun rays and ultraviolet rays Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menstruation) Excessive fatigue and insomnia interventions for tooth (tooth extraction filling etc.). Other infections excessive alcohol How is hedged through a cold sore? First, you need to avoid situations that cause herpes relapse. The developing due to stress; learn relaxation techniques to reduce our stress. The cause fatigue and insomnia; relax and sleep well. The sun causes it; For cream or lip balm with a high SPF sunscreen and hat use must protect the face from the sun. Despite all the measures taken can still recurrent herpes. Front symptoms (tingling, itching, burning, stinging) should apply antiviral cream with a short break point when he felt. Herpes will not come at all or even if it will be mild. If your immune system is weak If you are having cold sores or frequent use may be protective antiviral tablets contact your doctor. important to eat healthy to stay away from cold sores. Research on the formation of some food while reducing the pale, shows that some are easier to repeat the pale. Researchers of the herpes virus in dieting foods containing Lysine to take action, are also suggested to stay away from foods that contain arginine. For this purpose, lysine diet containing chicken, potatoes, milk, brewer's yeast, beans and fish food should be taken, chocolate contains Arginine, peanuts, beer, grapes, should stay away from foods like corn flakes.

PARONİŞİ

Definition Often it occurs in children. formed between an infection in the cuticle and nail bed Clinical findings Nail biting habit which may occur due to exposure and water for a long time. In immunocompromised patients, the oluşabilir.yüzeyel sensitive bulla, on erythematous ground occurs in the distal phalanx anterior fat tissue and can spread to the nail bed. dactylitis of the distal extremities with painful blisters bubble is characterized by painful blisters on your fingers beds. etiology Factors often S. pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci are the most frequent. Oral anaerobes, may be active fungi such as Fusarium in patients immunosuppressed Diagnosis Gram stain: Gram-positive cocci in chains or clusters of liquid that occurs. Treatment Incision and drainage. rarely you need antimicrobial agents in healthy individuals. The preferred penicillin factors S. pyogenes, S. aureus is dicloxacillin, I.jenerasyo ​​the cephalosporins, macrolides clindamycingib the Antistaphylococcal agent used in patients allergic to verilir.penisil. Treatment Incision and drainage. rarely you need antimicrobial agents in healthy individuals. The preferred penicillin factors S. pyogenes, S. aureus is dicloxacillin, I.jenerasyo ​​the cephalosporins, macrolides clindamycingib the Antistaphylococcal agent used in patients allergic to verilir.penisil. Doses: Penicillin Oral penisilinv; From 25000 to 90000 U / kg / day, four doses, 10 days in adults; 250 mg orally, 4 times / day or benzathine penicillin G for 300 children 000-600000 1200 000 adults applied as a single dose into muscles. Amoxycillin: 25-50mg / kg / day, in three doses in adults: 1.5 g. Two or three doses Ampicillin: 50-100mg / kg / day, in 4 doses in adults: 2-4 g / day, in 4 doses 1.jenerasyo ​​of oral cephalosporins: Cephadroxil oral; 30mg / kg / day, in two divided doses, 2 g in adults. been divided into two doses, Cefpodoxime; 10mg / kg / day in 2 doses, adult 800 mg, divided into two doses, cefprozil; 15-30mg / kg / day divided into two doses, adult to 1 g / day in two divided doses, Ceftibuten 9 mg / kg / day, a dose of cephalexin; 25-50mg / kg / day divided into 4 doses daily dose of 1-4 g in adults, cephradine; 25-50mg / kg / day in 2-4 doses 250mgx4 dose in adults. Erythromycin: Newborn dose: low weight babies than 2000gr.; 10 mg / kg weight in 12 hours, at greater than 2000gr.; 10mg / kg every 8 hours, 20-50mg / kg dose in adults 2-4 as a 250-500mg every 6 hours. Azithromycin 5-12mg / kg day single dose in adults: 500 mg / day, or 0.5 gr.dah first day then 250 mg / day total dose of 5 gün.maksim; 600 mg. Clarithromycin 7.5 mg / kg / day in two divided doses, adult to 1 g / day, in two divided doses ,. 10 days is given. Dicloxacillin: 3.125-6.25 mg / kg-cloxacillin 12.5 mg / kg four dividing adults 250mg orally 4 times / day) or cephalosporins: cephalexin, cephradine (25-50mg / kg) divided in half (in adults 250mg orally, 4 times a day) or, cefadroxil 30mg / kg / day, in two divided doses used. Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid: 25-45 mg / kg / day in 2-3 doses (depending on the formulation) in adults: 1.5 gr./g of, at three doses. Clindamycin: infants less than 2000gr. Zealand 5 mg / kg, 12 hours, 1 week to greater than 5 mg / kg every 8 hours, little large and 1 week after 2000gr. 5 mg / kg every 8 hours, great for a week, 5 mg / kg every 6 hours in infants; 15-25mg / kg / day oral dose of 3-4, 150 mg-450 mg in adults orally 4 times a day. Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole: 8 mg / kg / day (according to trimethoprim), 2 doses, adult; 160/800 given orally twice a day from g of com.

festering sore

Clinical findings Non-bullous form, often on the face and extremities, cut, scratches, insect bites, minor occurs as a result of trauma. Erythematous papules on the ground, and then begins to form small vesicles, pustules and will quickly rupture. Purulent discharge characteristic dry and thick, yellow-green shells are formed. Honeycomb is in view. Itching is common, and with the itch spreads. Is superficial, not ulcerated and infiltrating the dermis does not. Light can be a regional lymphadenopathy. Systemic signs of infection, fever is extremely rare. It is painless and does not leave scars. impetigo caused by streptococci group may sometimes lead to poststreptokokal glomerulonephritis. Bullous impetigo; It occurs in newborns and infants. It begins as vesicles, which then passes into blisters, blisters rupture easily, red surface occurs, the revealed light brown crusts. Often, neck, face and jaw amount. etiology Action is usually to group A beta hemolytic streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus. It may also be combined. Bullous impetigo is a factor in S. aureus (including group II bacteriophage). Newborn in Group B streptococcus may also factors. Epidemiology Streptococcal impetigo is usually the passage in question in physical contact. . Epidemics can. Following impetigo also often colonize the upper respiratory tract. Diagnosis A definitive diagnosis is infected with S. pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus culture in isolation from the region. Microbiological studies usually required. Gram staining can be done. Differential diagnosis Although the initial chickenpox Typically, fungal infections, herpes simplex virus infections, can be confused with acute pustular psoriasis. Treatment Local wound care is useful (washing with soap and water). Topical antibiotics; bacitracin, neomycin-bacitracin, mupirocin is also available. 3 times a day, 7-8 days is usually enough. Common impetigo, if domestic infection, nursery groups or athletic teams and topical agents in bullous impetigo is not enough. If it requires the use of systemic antimicrobial agents; Penicillin or oral amoxicillin is given .. 1.jenerasyo ​​the cephalosporins, penicillin allergy in patients; erythromycin, azithromycin dose is given clarithromycin. Staphylococci is considered to be active, to büllözs; penicillinase-resistant oral penicillin eg dicloxacillin - cloxacillin or I.jenerasyo ​​the cephalosporins; cephalexin, cephradine or, cefadroxil is not used for effective oral kullanılabilir.cefix I Staphylococcus aureus. Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, Clindamycin or trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole 160/800 administered orally twice daily g of com. Antistaphylococcal other agents can also be used if necessary. the duration of treatment with oral agents is one week. Doses: Penicillin Oral penisilinv; From 25000 to 90000 U / kg / day, four doses, 10 days in adults; 250 mg orally, 4 times / day or benzathine penicillin G for 300 children 000-600000 1200 000 adults applied as a single dose into muscles. Amoxycillin: 25-50mg / kg / day, in three doses in adults: 1.5 g. Two or three doses Ampicillin: 50-100mg / kg / day, in 4 doses in adults: 2-4 g / day, in 4 doses 1.jenerasyo ​​of oral cephalosporins: Cephadroxil oral; 30mg / kg / day, in two divided doses, 2 g in adults. two doses partitioned, Cefpodoxime; 10mg / kg / day in 2 doses, adult 800 mg, divided into two doses, cefprozil; 15-30mg / kg / day divided into two doses, adult to 1 g / day in two divided doses, Ceftibuten 9 mg / kg / day, a dose of cephalexin; 25-50mg / kg / day divided into 4 doses daily dose of 1-4 g in adults, cephradine; 25-50mg / kg / day in 2-4 doses 250mgx4 dose in adults. Erythromycin: Newborn dose: low weight babies than 2000gr.; 10 mg / kg weight in 12 hours, at greater than 2000gr.; 10mg / kg every 8 hours, 20-50mg / kg dose in adults 2-4 as a 250-500mg every 6 hours. Azithromycin 5-12mg / kg day single dose in adults: 500 mg / day, or 0.5 gr.dah first day then 250 mg / day total dose of 5 gün.maksim; 600 mg. Clarithromycin 7.5 mg / kg / day in two divided doses, adult to 1 g / day, in two divided doses ,. 10 days is given. Dicloxacillin: 3.125-6.25 mg / kg-cloxacillin 12.5 mg / kg four dividing adults 250mg orally 4 times / day) or cephalosporins: cephalexin, cephradine (25-50mg / kg) divided in half (in adults 250mg orally, 4 times a day) or, cefadroxil 30mg / kg / day, in two divided doses used. Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid: 25-45 mg / kg / day in 2-3 doses (depending on the formulation) in adults: 1.5 gr./g of, at three doses. Clindamycin: infants less than 2000gr. Zealand 5 mg / kg, 12 hours, 1 week to greater than 5 mg / kg every 8 hours, little large and 1 week after 2000gr. 5 mg / kg every 8 hours, great for a week, 5 mg / kg every 6 hours in infants; 15-25mg / kg / day oral dose of 3-4, 150 mg-450 mg in adults orally 4 times a day. Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole: 8 mg / kg / day (according to trimethoprim), 2 doses, adult; 160/800 given orally twice a day from g of com. Protection To comply with personal hygiene rules. Skin infection that should not be sent to school until 24 hours after the start of antimicrobial therapy, if possible, it should avoid close contact period.

HAIR inflammation of the bottom

Definition Inflammation of the follicular ostia piyodermidir.kıl settled in the region of a hair follicle and apocrine. Clinic erythematous papule around a hair follicle, pustules develop. etiology Causative bacteria, fungi, although be chemical agent is usually Staphylococcus aureus. However, many bacteria can sometimes be active. After the swimming pool and P. aeruginosa also be immunosuppressive agents. Treatment Topical antibacterials, antifungals are necessary. If necessary Antistaphylococcal used systemic agents.

Excessive Sweating

excessive Sweating Excessive sweating is mainly due to the sweat glands to be overactive. Sweating, excessive heat is one of the body's mechanisms to dispose of the body. However, some people sweat more than others. Excessive sweating does not necessarily have to be associated with a disease. Usually associated with obesity, because even normal activities such as walking for those who are overweight, and spend more effort than normal weight. Excessive sweating can also be caused by certain drugs. Sometimes it can appear as a manifestation of systemic diseases (such as hyperthyroidism). Try to find the cause of your excessive sweating and place yourself in full: excessive sweating fitted with the stocking is causing your movement, or did you in a warm environment while you sweat excessively than others? Sometimes situations like business meetings with stress and anxiety can lead to excessive sweating. If the causes of stress and the like, to look for ways to relieve yourself. Coffee, tea and other stimulants to stay away from the habit. This type stimulants apocrine sweat glands (located in the body of the hairy and strong - pungent sweat glands produce special) increase their activity. Stimulants such as caffeine could be called a war situation and prepare the body, stimulating the body that ensures that they guard against all kinds of external factors, which in turn increases stress and distress. drink plenty of water, because you must take back the water you lose through sweating. Stay away from environmental stimuli can stimulate the body's sympathetic nervous system; noisy and loud music, things that prevent you to concentrate your work, and you even angry person can be included in this group. You may find yourself in an exercise to relax, such as breathing exercises. Meditation can also help. Regular exercise helps your sweat glands to work regularly. You can lose up to 3 mg of zinc a day with sweat. Zinc especially blood protein and DNA synthesis is required for the functioning of the brain and immune system regularly.